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Deng visits Shanghai.
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Deng visits China Folk Culture Village in Shenzhen.
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 ·í¦~¤µ¤é¡RDeng's South China Tour

¡i©ú³ø±M°T¡jOn 18 January 1992 Deng Xiaoping (¾H¤p¥­) began his tour of South China, an important chapter of his illustrious career as China's reformer.

1. Deng's life and career

Deng Xiaoping was born in 1904 in Sichuan. He was first introduced to Marxism (°¨§J«ä¥D¸q) by Zhou Enlai (©P®¦¨Ó), who later became China's first Premier, when both were studying in France. Deng climbed the leadership ladder quickly after he had joined Zhou's leftist movement, but was ousted (Â[¨«) by his fellow revolutionaries in 1933.

Deng held high posts after the People's Republic of China (¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°ê) was founded in 1949. He had suffered from two purges (²M¬~) before he secured his position as China's paramount leader in the late 1970s, when he was in his seventies.

Deng set about reforming China as soon as he came to power. With his "economic reform and opening up policy" (§ï­²¶}©ñ¬Fµ¦), he introduced market economy (¥«³õ¸gÀÙ) to China, allowing people to set up small businesses. Deng's policies are widely credited for laying the foundation for China's prosperity today.

2. The Southern Tour

(a) The background

When he had his South China tour, Deng held no official post in the Chinese government. He embarked on the journey when China was at a political crossroads. In the wake of the bloody crackdown on the 1989 pro-democracy protests, the international community snapped sanctions (¨îµô) on China, threatening its economic development. Jiang Zemin (¦¿¿A¥Á), who assumed power after the June 4 incident, pursued conservative economic policies, and there were even views that the Chinese government should scale back the "economic reform and opening up policy" and again embrace "class struggle" (¶¥¯Å°«ª§) philosophies.

With his South China tour, however, Deng sought to make sure that China would keep up its efforts to reform.

(b) The visits

The first place Deng visited was the Wuchang District (ªZ©÷°Ï) in Hubei Province (´ò¥_¬Ù). There, he made in a famous speech the following four points: (1) that the economic reform and opening up policy was the only way to save China; (2) that economic development should override everything else (µo®i¤~¬Oµw¹D²z), and there was no point in arguing whether it was socialism or capitalism that China should embrace; (3) that economic development should not be excessively low; and (4) that leftist ideas would do harm, and those who did not support economic reform had to step down.

Deng went on to visit Hunan (´ò«n), Guangdong (¼sªF), Shanghai (¤W®ü), Anhui (¦wÀ²), etc. His tour ended on 21 February.

(c) Media coverage

At first Deng's South China tour was not reported by any official Chinese news agencies. It was not known until TVB brought the news to light. After that Jiefang Daily (¡m¸Ñ©ñ¤é³ø¡n) and a Shenzhen newspaper began publishing editorials supporting Deng. Jiang was then forced to confirm Deng had started the tour and reaffirm Beijing's commitment to the economic reform and opening up policy.

(d) Importance of the tour

Deng's South China tour settled disputes within the Chinese leadership, ensuring that China would continue to pursue "socialism with Chinese characteristics" (¦³¤¤°ê¯S¦âªºªÀ·|¥D¸q). Indeed, in October that year, at the Fourteenth National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party of China (¤¤°ê¦@²£ÄҲĤQ¥|¦¸¥þ°ê¥Nªí¤j·|), Chinese leaders confirmed that Deng's policies would remain the guidelines of China's development.

 
 
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