·í¦~¤µ¤é¡RA de-facto referendum takes place

[2016.05.16] µoªí
On 16 May 2010 pro-democracy lawmakers who had resigned were re-elected in five geographical constituencies in what they called a "de-facto referendum". The five lawmakers were Alan Leong, Wong Yuk-man, Tanya Chan, Albert Chan and Leung Kwok-hung.
Joint Committee of the 5 District Referendum Movement published a pamphlet to promote the "de-facto referendum" idea.

¡i©ú³ø±M°T¡jOn 16 May 2010 pro-democracy lawmakers who had resigned previously were re-elected in five geographical constituencies (¦a¤è¿ï°Ï) in what they called a "de-facto referendum" (Åܬۤ½§ë). Around 580,000 people cast their votes. A controversial event, it divided the pro-democracy camp.

The five lawmakers

The five lawmakers were Tanya Chan (³¯²Q²ø, Hong Kong Island), Wong Yuk-man (¶À·¶¥Á, Kowloon West), Alan Leong (±ç®a³Ç, Kowloon East), Albert Chan (³¯°¶·~, New Territories West) and Leung Kwok-hung (±ç°ê¶¯, New Territories East).

The by-elections were triggered by the debate over the constitutional reform. The idea was that, if they were returned to the Legislative Council on their manifesto («Å¨¥) of advocating real political reform in Hong Kong and the abolition (¼o°£) of functional constituencies (¥\¯à²Õ§O), the election could be seen as a de facto referendum.

Disagreements within pro-democracy camp

The "de-facto referendum" idea, which the League of Social Democrats (LSD, ªÀ¥Á³s) first put forward, triggered bitter arguments within the pro-democracy camp. While the Civic Party (¤½¥ÁÄÒ) supported it, the Democratic Party (¥Á¥DÄÒ), which was then the most influential pro-democracy party, was against it. Szeto Wah (¥q®{µØ), a political heavyweight, revealed that, in or around September 2009, the plan was discussed at a meeting brokered by Jimmy Lai (¾¤´¼­^), owner of the Apple Daily (¡mÄ«ªG¤é³ø¡n). At it he indicated he was opposed to the "unworkable" plan.

Albert Ho (¦ó«T¤¯), who was then chairman of the Democratic Party, declared he was against the referendum plan, saying his party was "elected to fight for the public".

The government's and pro-Beijing parties' response

The government and the pro-Beijing parties called the plan meaningless, saying it would waste taxpayers' money. The Liberal Party (¦Û¥ÑÄÒ) and the DAB (¥Á«ØÁp), which had planned to field candidates to contest the seats, ultimately refrained from doing so. Donald Tsang (´¿½®Åv), who was then Chief Executive, declared he would not vote in the by-elections.

Later developments

The de-facto referendum was triggered by controversy over consitutional reform. Under the government's original proposal, five geographical-constituency seats and five functional-constituency seats would be created. However, only elected District Councillors could vote in the elections for the latter.

Unhappy with the proposal, the Democratic Party entered into negotiations with the Liaison Office of the Chinese government (¤¤Áp¿ì). A deal was reached between them. The government subsequently incorporated the party's suggestion into its proposal, under which the five new functional-constituency lawmakers would be elected by the 3.2 million citizens who did not have the right to vote in the existing functional-constituency elections. Supported by the Democratic Party and the pro-Beijing parties, the proposal went through Legco in June 2010.

The Democratic Party, however, was criticised for "betraying" voters. Pro-democracy parties like People Power (¤H¥Á¤O¶q) vowed to target the Democratic Party in upcoming elections. Some members of the Democratic Party unhappy with the decision left it to form the Neo Democrats (·s¥Á¥D¦P·ù).

The by-elections also led to the controversy over the government's plan to "close the loopholes". Under the original plan, if a lawmaker resigned his seat, no by-election would be held, and his seat would be taken by the candidate on the list that garnered the second-highest vote in the last election. Most citizens are against the plan, called a "replace mechanism" (»¼¸É¾÷¨î). The government subsequently suggested that resigning lawmakers be barred from standing in any by-election for half a year. The proposal went through Legco in June 2012.

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