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(¤@)±N¯f¬r´î®z(attenuated)

³o­Óµ¦²¤¬O±N¯f¬r´î®z¡A¨Ï¥¦­Ì¦b¤HÅ餺½Æ»sªº¯à¤O¤j¤j´î®z¡A¦hºØ¬Ì­]¬O¥Î³o­Ó¤èªk¬ã»sªº¡A¥]¬A·ò¯l(measles)¡B¸|¸¢ª¢(mumps¡A¤SºÙÒƸ|)¡B­·¯l(rubella¡B¤SºÙ¼w°ê·ò¯lGerman measles)¡B½üª¬¯f¬r(rotavirus)¡B¤p¨à³Â·ô¯g(poliomyelitis¡B²ºÙpolio¡A¯áÅè¦Ç½èª¢ªº¤fªA¬Ì­])¡B¤ôµk(chickenpox¡A¤SºÙvaricella)¡B¬y¦æ©Ê·P«_(influenza¡A²ºÙ¬y·P¡Bfluªº¼Q»ó¾¯¬Ì­])µ¥¡C

¯f¬r­P¯f¡A¥D­n¬O¦b¤HÅé²Ó­M¤º½Æ»s¡A¤ÑµMªº¯f¬r·P¬V¥i¦b¤HÅé½Æ»s¦¨¤d¹L¸U¦¸¡A¦ý¬¡©Ê´î¬r¬Ì­](attenuated live vaccine)³q±`¥u¯à½Æ»s¤Ö©ó¤G¤Q¦¸¡A¦]¦¹¤£¯à­P¯f¡A¦ý«o¥i¨ë¿E§K¬Ì²Ó­M»s³y§ÜÅé¡A¨Ã²£¥Í°O¾ÐÅý±N¨Ó¦A¹J¨ì¦P¼Ë¯f¬r®É«Ü§Ö´N¯à¹ï§Ü¤J«Iªº¯f¬r¡C

¬¡©Ê´î¬r¬Ì­]ªº¦n³B¬O¦b±µºØ¤@©Î¨â°w¡A´N¯à´£¨Ñ¨¬°÷ªº«OÅ@¤O¡B³q±`³£¬O²×¥Íªº¡F³o­Ó¤èªkªº§½­­©Ê¬O¤£¯à¬°§K¬Ì¨t²Î´î®zªº¤H(¨Ò¦pÀù¯f±wªÌ¡B ·R´þ¯f±wªÌ¡B ±µ¨ü¹qÀø©Î¤ÆÀøªº¤H)±µºØ¡C

(¤G)±N¯f¬r¬¡©Ê´î°£(inactivate)

³o­Óµ¦²¤¬O±N¯f¬rªº¬¡©Ê§¹¥þ´î°£(©Î±þ¦º)¡A¯f¬r¦A¤£¥i¥H½Æ»s©M­P¯f¡A¦hºØ¬Ì­]¬O¨Ï¥Î³o¼Ë¤èªk¬ã»sªº¡A¥]¬A¤£¬¡¤Æ¤p¨à³Â·ô¬Ì­](inactivated polio vaccine)¡B¥Ò«¬¨xª¢¬Ì­]¡B¬y·P°w¾¯¬Ì­]¡B¨g¤ü¯f(rabies¡A¤SºÙºÆª¯¯g)¬Ì­]µ¥¡AÁöµM¯f¬rªº¬¡©Ê¤w´î°£¡A¦ý¤HÅ餴¯à»{¥X¯f¬r¦Ó²£¥Í§K¬Ì¤ÏÀ³¡A¦b±N¨Ó¦A±µÄ²¯f¬r®É²£¥Í«OÅ@§@¥Î¡C³o­Ó¤èªkªº¦n³B¬O¡G1. ¬Ì­]¤£¥i¯à­P¯f¡F2. ¥i¬°§K¬Ì¨t²Î´î®zªº¤H±µºØ¡C¦ý³o­Ó¤èªk¤]¦³§½­­©Ê¡G³q±`»Ý­n±µºØ¦h¦¸¤~¯à²£¥Í¨¬°÷ªº«OÅ@¤O¡C

(¤T)¨Ï¥Î¯f¬rªº³¡¤À¦¨¤À

±q¯f¬r¨ú¥X³¡¤À¦¨¤À¬ã»s¬Ì­]¡A¥]¬A¤A«¬¨xª¢¡B±aª¬ž\¯l(shingles)¡B¤HÃþ¨ÅÀY½F¯f¬r(human papillomavirus¡A²ºÙHPV)¬Ì­]µ¥¡A¬Ì­]¥]§t¯f¬rªí­±ªº³J¥Õ½è¡A³o­Ó¤èªk±o¥H¦¨¥\¬O¦]¬°¹ï¯f¬r(©Î¨ä¥L¥i¤Þ°_¯e¯fªº­P¯f­ì)ªº³¡¤À¦¨¤À¯à²£¥Í¨¬°÷ªº«OÅ@¤O¡C³oºØ¬Ì­]¥i¬°§K¬Ì¨t²Î´î®zªº¤H±µºØ¡A¦Ó³q±`±µºØ¨â¾¯¬Ì­]¯à²£¥Íªø¤[ªº«OÅ@¤O¡C

(¥|)¨Ï¥Î²Óµßªº³¡¤À¦¨¤À

1. ¦³¨Ç²Óµß»s³y¹ï¤HÅ馳®`¡AÄÝ©ó³J¥Õ½èªº¬r¯À(toxin)¡A¦³¨Ç¬Ì­]¬O±N¬r¯À¦b¸g¹L¤Æ¾Ç³B²z©Î¥[¼ö«á¡A±N¨ä¬r©Ê§í¨î¡A¬Æ¦Ü¨S¦³¬r©Ê¡AºÙ¬°Ãþ¬r¯À(toxoid)¡A¦]¦¹¬O¤£·|­P¯fªº¡A¨Ï¥Î³o­Ó¤èªk¬ã»sªº¬Ì­]¥]¬A¡u¥Õ³ï¡B¯}¶Ë­·©M¦Ê¤é«y²V¦X¬Ì­]¡v(diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines)¡C

2. ¦³¨Ç¬Ì­]¬O¨Ï¥Î²Ó­Mªí­±ªº¿}¤À(©Î¦hÁÞ¡BPolysaccharide)¡A«OÅ@§K¨ü²Óµß·P¬V¬O­Ê¾a¹ï³o¨Ç¿}©Î¦h¿}ªº§K¬Ì¤O¦Ó«D¾ã­Ó²Óµß¡A¨Ò¦p¡G¤A«¬¶Ý¦å±ìµß(Haemophilus influenzae type B ¡A²ºÙHib)¡BªÍª¢Ãì²yµß¬Ì­](pneumococcus)©M¦³¨Ç¸£¯áÅ轤ª¢(meningococcus)¬Ì­]¡C

3. ¦³¨âºØ¹w¨¾¸£¯áÅ轤ª¢ªº¬Ì­]¨Ã¤£¬O¨Ï¥Î²Óµßªí­±ªº¦h¿}¡B¦Ó¬O¨Ï¥Î²Óµßªº³J¥Õ½è¡C

¦p¦P±µºØ·À¬¡¯f¬r¬Ì­](inactivated viral vaccines)¡A³o¨Ç¨Ï¥Î²Óµß³¡¤À¦¨¤À¬ã»sªº¬Ì­]¤]¥i¬°§K¬Ì¨t²Î´î®zªº¤H±µºØ¡A¦ý³q±`»Ý­n±µ¨ü¦h¾¯ªº¬Ì­]±µºØ¤~¯à²£¥Í¨¬°÷ªº«OÅ@¤O¡C

³o¬O¦³Ãö¶Ç²Î¬Ì­]ªº¬ã»s¤èªk¡A¦Ü©ó­è¦b2020¦~12¤ë¬ÛÄ~¦b¬ü°ê©M¥[®³¤j¸g¦³Ãö¬F©²ºÊºÞ³¡ªù¼f§å¨Ï¥Î¥Ñ¬ü°ê½÷·ç»sÃÄ(Pfizer)©M¼w°ê¥Íª«·s§Þ³N¤½¥q(BioNTech)¦X§@¤Î¬ü°ê²ö¼w¯Ç¥Íª«§Þ³N¤½¥q(Moderna)ªº¬Ì­]¬O¨Ï¥Î¹ñ·sªº¬ì§Þ¡A§Ú±N¦b¤U¤@´Á©M¤j®a¸Ô²Ó¸ÑÄÀ¡C

³¢µúÆ[Âå¥Í(Dr. Jason Kwok)

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